Potential of Analgesic and Anti Inflammatory Activity of Withania somnifera Linn. Leaves
Mohd. Tasneem Haque
Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
Nafisa Rahman
Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Md Omar Faruk
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md. Kamrul Hasan
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Amina Begum Urmi
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, City University, Khagan Birulia, Savar Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Rahanoma Noraiya Tanni
Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
Muhammad Abul Kaisar
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Hasnat Ahmed
Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
Arjina Akter Ankhi
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, City University, Khagan Birulia, Savar Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Khandaker Shamim Al Hasan
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md. Aminul Islam
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Nur Nobe
Health Sciences & Leadership Department, St. Francis College Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
Abeer Mahmud
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Faisal Ahmed Nadvi *
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, City University, Khagan Birulia, Savar Dhaka, Bangladesh.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Medicinal plants to prevent and treat illnesses have been a part of herbal medicine for thousands of years. This study aimed to test the pain-relieving and inflammation-reducing effects of Withania somnifera (genus: Withania, family: Solanaceae) leaf extract using well-known rat models. Research on Withania somnifera has demonstrated that its active ingredients confer analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Withanolide, one of the plant's primary active chemical ingredients, drives its vast spectrum of biological activities. Numerous formulations for various illnesses, including cancer, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, arthritis, dementia, hypertension, anxiety, and more, contain withanoides as a component. Significant polyphenolic chemicals found in the plant helped lessen the paw edema caused by carrageenan. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model.On the other hand, we determined the analgesic efficacy using the tail-flick method and the acetic acid-induced writhing test. The 600 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg dosages had statistically significant anti-inflammatory effects (p < 0.05). In pain relief studies, a dose of 900 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in pain (p<0.05) based on the writhing test, meaning it reduced pain by 10.66%. However, the analgesic effects of the 900 mg/kg dosage were statistically significant (p<0.05). The primary bioactive chemicals found in the plant are withanolides A, withaferin A, withasomniferin A, withasomnidienone, withasomnierose A-C, and withanone, among others. The results support the traditional use of Withania somnifera in pain and inflammation treatment and are consistent with previous studies.
Keywords: Withania somnifera, withanoide, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, carrageenan, traditional medicine, rat method, tail flick test, writhing test