Characterization of Cervical Lesions among HIV-Infected Women at HIV Clinic, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
Nengem M.M.
*
Department of Histopathology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria.
Iyare G.I.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Edo State University, Edo State, Nigeria.
Avwioro O.G.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection increases the risk of cervical lesions due to immune suppression. In Nigeria, where HIV remains prevalent, characterizing these lesions can guide targeted screening strategies.
Objective: To characterize cervical lesions among HIV-positive women attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, and to assess associations with immunological and clinical factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 61 HIV-positive women between January and May 2025. Participants underwent visual inspection with acetic acid/Lugol iodine (VIA/VILI) and liquid-based cytology. Statistical analysis included descriptive methods, t-test, Pearson correlation, and ordinal logistic regression.
Results: Cervical lesion prevalence was 50.8%. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL) was most common (61.3%), followed by inflammation (19.4%), ASCUS (12.9%), and high-grade SIL (6.5%). CD4+ count was significantly associated with lesion severity (t = 37.186, p < 0.001; B = 2.715). HIV viral load showed a moderate inverse correlation (r = –0.340), and ART duration was negatively correlated with lesion occurrence (r = –0.256).
Conclusion: CD4+ count is a key predictor of cervical lesion severity. Integrating cervical screening into HIV care, especially for immunocompromised women, is vital for early detection and intervention.
Keywords: Cervical lesions, HIV, CD4 count, ART, Pap smear